Reported Speech and Reported Questions
Reported Speech
Si se quiere comunicar lo que ha dicho otra persona,
generalmente no se usan las palabras exactas del hablante (direct speech), sino
el reported speech. Por lo tanto, se debe transformar el direct speech en reported
speech. La estructura es un poco diferente dependiendo de si desea transformar
una declaración, pregunta o solicitud.
- Cuando se usa reported speech, el tiempo verbal cambia.
- A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona.
- En las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.
Ademas de los tiempos verbales los verbos modales tambien cambia, exepto con “would”, “could”, “should”, “might” y “ought to”.
Ejemplos:
Estilo directo (Direct Speech)
|
Estilo indirecto (Reported Speech)
|
Present simple
“I eat pizza
every sunday.”
|
Past simple
She said (that) he ate pizza
every sunday.
|
Present continuous
“I am reading
a magazine.”
|
Past Continuous
She said (that) she was reading a
magazine.
|
Past simple
“We bought a new car.”
|
Past perfect
They said (that) they
had bought a new car.
|
Past continuous
“I was doing homework
at 7 o´clock”.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been doing homework
at 7 o´clock.
|
Present Perfect
“I have finished my
homework.”
|
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had finished his
homework.
|
Past Perfect
“I had studied Arts
for 3 years.”
|
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had studied Arts for
3 years.
|
Future (Will)
“I will go and
buy some food.”
|
Conditional (Would)
He said (that) he would go and
buy some food.
|
Future (Going to)
“We are going to play
video games.”
|
Was / were going to
They said (that) they were
going to play video games.
|
Modal verbs
|
|
“I can play drums.”
“I must go school.”
|
She said (that) he could play drums.
He said (that) he had to go school.
|
“We may not be in
class tomorrow.
|
They said they might not be in class the
next day.
|
“May I use the
bathroom, please?”
|
She asked if she could use the bathroom.
|
Las expresiones de tiempo tambien cambian como se muestran en la siguiente tabla.
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
Today
|
that day
|
tonight
|
that night
|
this week/month/year
|
that week/month/year
|
tomorrow
|
the next day
|
next week/month/year
|
the
following week/month/year
|
yesterday
|
the day before or
the previous day
|
last week/month/year
|
the week/month
year before or
the previous week/month/year
|
now
|
then/at that
moment
|
Otros cambios
|
|
here
|
there
|
Ejemplos:
|
Reported Questions
En las reported questions el verbo cambia como en
‘reported speech’ y en preguntas con yes/no se usa if o whether.
No se pone la puntuación ‘?’ en este tipo de oraciones
Siempre se pone el sujeto antes del verbo en
‘reported questions’ y nunca se usa el auxiliar do/does/did.
Se usan las palabras where, when, who, what, which, why, whose en reported questions
sin el verbo auxiliar.
Se dice: She
asked me, he asked him, we asked them, they asked us etc para introducir la pregunta en reported speech.
Ejemplos:
Estilo directo (Direct Speech)
|
Estilo indirect (Reported Questions)
|
What
“What do you like doing in your free
time?”
|
They
asked me what I liked doing in my
free time
|
Where
“Where can we go tonight?”
|
He asked where we could go that night.
|
When
“When are you going to go to Paris?”
|
She asked us when we were going to go
to Paris.
|
Who
“Who are you?”
|
He asked me who I was.
|
How
“How much money have you spent?”
|
They asked me how much
money I had spent.
|
Which
“Which book did you bought?”
|
He asked me which book I had bought.
|
Whose
“Whose dog is missing?”
|
He asked us whose dog was missing.
|
Yes
/ No questions
“Isn´t that Jensen´s dog?”
|
She asked me if that wasn´t Jensen´s dog.
|
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